Is It Possible to Painting Carbon Fiber

It’s no secret that Carbon fiber is a popular material for many products, from bicycles to race cars. The lightweight and durable material is often found in the construction of vehicles, drones, boats, skis, airplanes, and many more items. Many people wonder if it is possible to paint carbon fiber in order to customize and personalize these products.

The discussion of whether it is possible to paint carbon fiber is complex and has both pros and cons. Different methods of painting carbon fiber can be broken down into two categories, wet and dry painting. When painting carbon fiber it is important to select the correct paint for the job and to follow the directions to ensure a satisfactory result. This article will look into both dry and wet painting methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

Dry painting carbon fiber is a process where a powered coating of paint is applied to the surface of the carbon fiber, it is generally a spray that is fine enough to be able to penetrate the small pores of the material. This method is often used on race cars and other vehicles as it offers a sleek and professional looking finish. It is a more controlled and cost effective approach as it relies on a minimal amount of skill and little to no experience. A key advantage of dry painting is that it does not require a primer coat, reducing the amount of time spent on the job and the cost of materials.

The process of wet painting carbon fiber is similar, only it relies on a liquid paint which is sprayed onto the surface. This method is often used on high-performance parts due to the increased finishes available. The liquid paint used for wet painting is designed to bond with the surface of the carbon fiber, forming a harder layer, with greater durability against abrasion and scratches. A great advantage of wet painting is the variety of finishes available, from matte and glossy to semi-gloss and more.

The drawbacks to both methods of painting carbon fiber are the fact that it is a lengthy and costly process. Despite the cost and time involved, carbon fibers unique properties make it difficult to bond with a paint layer, meaning regular maintenance and application of a clear coat may be required to maintain the look.

Ultimately the answer to the question of whether it is possible to paint carbon fiber is yes. However, in order to do it correctly it is important to understand the different methods of painting and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Whichever method is chosen, it is important to follow the instructions, use the correct materials, and make sure that clear coat is applied in order to protect the paint.

The Ultimate Guide to Bike Tune up: Keeping Your Ride in Top Shape

Introduction

Riding a bike is a great way to stay active and explore the outdoors. But without proper maintenance, your bike won’t last long. That’s why it’s important to know how to tune up your bike regularly to keep it running smoothly and keep it in top shape.

The Ultimate Guide to bike tune up: Keeping Your Ride in Top Shape

Maintaining your bike on a regular basis extends its life and keeps it running efficiently, meaning you spend less time and money in the long run. A good bike tune-up is just the ticket to make sure you get the most out of your bike. The following guide will help you get a better understanding of what’s involved in keeping your bike tuned, as well as what kind of bike tune up cost is usually involved.

What is Included in a Bike Tune-Up

A bike tune-up includes a wide range of tasks, depending on the type of bike and the overall condition of your ride. Generally, the basic bike tune-up includes:

• Lithing and adjusting the front and rear derailleurs

• Adjusting the brakes and derailleur cables

• Lubricating the chain and cables

• Inspecting the cables to make sure they aren’t frayed

• Tightening any loose nuts or bolts

• Truing the wheels and checking the pressure

• Checking the alignment of the frame and fork

• Cleaning and inspecting the drivetrain

• Testing the bike for proper shifting and braking.

These are the basic tasks that should be done every few months or when you start to notice any wear and tear on your bike. A more in-depth tune-up may also be done depending on the bike, including also replacing parts, such as tires, tubes, and spokes.

Importance of a Mountain Bike Tune-Up

When it comes to mountain bikes, it is especially important to tune them regularly. From unpredictable terrain to all kinds of weather, it’s just part of the mountain biking experience. Not only does regular bike tune-up help keep your bike running smoothly, but it can also help you avoid any unexpected breakdowns. Plus, you’ll get the most out of your ride by ensuring its optimal performance.

When to Get a Tune-up

It all depends on how much you ride and the overall condition of your bike. Ideally, you should get a tune-up at least once a year (or more often if you’re a frequent rider). If you ride more than once a week, it’s best to clean your bike and check it for wear and tear after each ride.

Getting Your Bike Tune-Up Done

The bike tune-up cost can range anywhere from $40 to $120, depending on the complexity of the job and parts that are necessary. For a basic tune-up, you should expect to pay around $60. It’s typically best to have your bike tuned up by a professional mechanics instead of doing it yourself if you are unfamiliar with bike components.

Conclusion

With regular maintenance, your bike will stay running smoothly and last longer. So now that you know the importance of keeping your bike tuned up and what kind of bike tune up cost to expect, you can experience all the fun that comes with riding with confidence. So test your brakes, oil your chain, and ride on!

what kind of wheel set

If you’re looking to get into cycling, one of the first things you need to consider is what kind of wheel set is best for you. While there are a variety of different types of wheelsets out there, each set has its own unique advantages and disadvantages that you should consider before making your purchase. The right wheel set for your cycling needs will depend on your particular goals, type of riding, and skill level.

Rim vs Disc Brake Wheels

One of the first decisions you’ll have to make is whether to choose a rim or disc brake wheel set. Rim brakes have been around the longest, and typically are the most cost-effective option. They’re also easy to maintain and can provide great stopping power when used correctly. Disc brakes, on the other hand, have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their superior braking performance in all conditions, particularly in wet or muddy conditions. Disc brakes are generally more expensive, however, and require additional maintenance for their reliable operation. The type of brakes your wheel set has should be taken into serious consideration depending on your particular riding needs.

Material

The material of your wheel set also plays a big part in your decision. The most common materials are aluminum and carbon fiber, and each has its own unique characteristics that will influence your purchase. Aluminum wheel sets are usually cheaper but heavier than carbon fiber. Aluminum wheel sets are also typically less compliant and don’t handle as smoothly as carbon fiber. Carbon fiber wheel sets offer increased stiffness, better shock absorption, and are generally more lightweight than aluminum wheel sets. However, they’re usually more expensive and require greater maintenance down the line.

Wheel Size

Wheel size is another important factor to consider when selecting a wheel set. Most wheel sets come in either a 26”, 27.5”, or 29” size. The size of your wheel set, in conjunction with the type of brakes and material, will determine the overall riding characteristics and performance of your bike. For mountain biking, 27.5” and 29” wheel sizes offer increased stability over larger bumps and obstacles, while 26” wheels provide greater responsiveness and maneuverability. For road biking, wheel size is usually determined by frame size and speed. Generally, smaller wheels provide higher speed and more nimble handling around turns, while larger wheels offer increased stability and rolling ability over longer hills and into headwinds.

Hubs and Spokes

Wheel sets can also vary in the type of hubs and spokes they use. Generally, you’ll find that wheel sets use either a sealed cartridge bearing hub or a traditional hub with individually adjustable spokes. Sealed cartridge bearing hubs tend to provide smoother and more consistent performance, while traditional hubs with individually adjustable spokes may require greater maintenance for optimal performance.

Your Needs and Wants

Ultimately, the right wheel set for you will depend on your particular needs and wants. It’s important to assess your needs and wants prior to making a purchase, so that you know what kind of wheel set is right for you. Consider factors such as your type of riding, brake type, material, wheel size, and hub and spoke design to ensure that the wheel set you select is correct for your particular circumstances. Doing this will help you get the most out of your wheel set and ensure that you enjoy your rides.

Exploring Comfort and Functionality: A Deep Dive into Saddle Bicycle Seat

The saddle bicycle seat is a crucial part of the cycling experience. It’s the platform for both comfort and performance, which should be carefully considered when deciding which type of seat to buy. To make an informed decision, it’s important to understand the differences between saddle types and their pros and cons.

This article will take a deep dive into saddle bicycle seats, exploring comfort, performance, and functionality to help you choose the best saddle for your needs.

The anatomy of a saddle bicycle seat is simple: a base, a cushion, and railings. Performance saddles often lack the cushioning of more comfortable saddle designs, while comfort-oriented saddles have thicker foam padding and more padding in the nose. Different saddle designs will also affect comfort and performance. The key is to find the most comfortable saddle for the type of riding you do.

Performance saddles are designed primarily for speed and stability, and typically feature lightweight base material, no cushioning, and free-floating rails. These types of saddles don’t offer much support and lack comfort, but they are great for performance-oriented cyclists who want a light and fast ride.

For most riders’ comfort is the priority, so comfort-oriented saddles are what you’ll likely want to look for. These saddles feature thick foam padding, narrower base material, and dual-rail systems that allow for more flex. Comfort-oriented saddles are best for those who mostly ride on flat terrain at slower speeds and don’t mind the extra weight.

When it comes to functionality, most saddles have some level of adjustability, though some are more versatile than others. Performance saddles often lack adjustment features, while comfort-oriented saddles usually feature some degree of adjustability. For example, many comfort-oriented saddles have a tension adjustment system, which allows riders to increase or decrease the tension of the saddle rails.

Another important feature to consider is the saddle’s coverage. Some performance saddles may offer more coverage than comfort saddles, while some comfort-oriented saddles have more coverage than performance saddles. Coverage is important because it affects how well the saddle supports your sit bones and can impact both comfort and performance.

Finally, it’s important to consider the geometry of the saddle. Different saddle designs will affect the rider’s seating position, which can impact comfort and performance. Performance-oriented saddles have a more aggressive seating position, while comfort-oriented saddles have a more relaxed riding posture.

In summary, choosing the right saddle bicycle seat depends on your own personal needs and preferences. Performance saddles are meant for higher speeds and stability, and are lighter and don’t feature much padding. Comfort-oriented saddles feature thicker padding and more coverage, and are best for riders who spend more time on flat terrain and want to ride in comfort. Adjustability, coverage, and seat geometry should also be considered in order to find the best saddle for your needs.

Whether you’re a professional athlete or a recreational cyclist, it’s important to invest in the right saddle for your needs. The right saddle bicycle seat can make your ride more comfortable and enjoyable, and can have a big impact on your performance. Understanding the features of different saddle types will help you make the best decision for your needs.

The Revolution in Cycling: A Dive into Disc Brake Road Bike Frame

The world of cycling is changing, and with it, the very shapes of our beloved bike frames. In recent years, new technology has enabled the rise of disc brake road bike frames. Offering incredible advantages, disc brake frames have revolutionized cycling, allowing us to tackle terrain more diverse than ever before. In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into disc brake road bike frames and see how they stack up against traditional rim-based brake systems.

It’s no secret that the way we ride has changed dramatically in the past few decades. Thanks to new developments in cycling technology, cyclists can now enjoy smoother, more enjoyable rides than ever before. This starts with the bike frame itself. Recently, an entirely new breed of road bike frames has emerged: disc brake frames.

For die-hard cyclists looking to get the absolute best performance out of their bike, a disc brake frame is the way to go. Disc brake road bike frames use two braking discs – one on the frame’s front wheel and one on the rear. When the brakes are applied, the discs squeeze against the rotors, causing the bike to gradually slow down. This type of braking system offers superior control and stability over traditional rim-based brakes.

When choosing a disc brake frame, it’s important to consider the construction material. Generally, disc brake frames are made from either aluminum alloy or carbon fiber. Aluminum frames are the most cost-effective and durable option, while carbon fiber frames are the lightest (and second most expensive). Additionally, some disc brake frame manufacturers opt to build their frames with an integrated disc brake system, where the frame and the braking system are built together. This allows for an even smoother experience.

One of the major benefits of using a disc brake frame is its ability to handle intense conditions with ease. For instance, due to their robust build, disc brake frames can often take on tougher terrain – muddy trails, rocky roads, or snowy pathways – without worry. This allows cyclists access to new grounds of exploration, as the brake can handle wider berms and bigger jumps. What’s more, because disc brakes are physically separate from the frame, they require less maintenance over time.

Another major benefit of disc brake road bike frames is their ability to offer superior stopping power. Because the brakes function independently from the frame, they can offer more consistent, sharper stopping than traditional rim-based brakes. Coupled with the superior grip of the disc braking system, you’ll be able to make sudden stops safely and securely, even if the surface is wet, muddy, or sandy.

The revolution in cycling, brought about by disc brake frames, has allowed us to enjoy rides that were previously impossible. With their superior stopping power, their ability to handle tough terrain, and their total off-road performance, disc brake frames have opened up the possibilities of cycling like never before. Whether you’re a downhill fanatic or an urban commuter, these frames bring a range of new possibilities to the world of cycling.

Exploring the Variety of USA Frames: A Comprehensive Guide

For those who enjoy collecting unique and unusual art pieces, one of the most fun items to collect is usa frames. Today, the variety of usa frames available has grown significantly since the early days when artists and collectors would search and discover a handful of vintage frames at flea markets and small stores. To truly appreciate the beauty of some of the most extraordinary hand-crafted usa frames, a comprehensive guide is necessary.

What exactly are usa frames? usa frames are essentially frames – typically antique or vintage frames – that have been intricately handcrafted to represent a particular place, typically a city, state, or coast. These frames can be made out of various materials and may even include components from different sources. Whether any given frame is made to represent a US city, a beach, or the country itself, what truly makes it a USA frame is the fact that it has been handmade or lovingly crafted with care.

The present selection of usa frames is ever-evolving due to the enormous and ever-growing demand for these frames. From educational frames designed for younger children in the form of puzzles to decorative frames that beautiful accent a room, there are a variety of frames to meet all needs. Some of the most popular styles are frames that feature popular US cities, states, coastlines, and landmarks.

When looking for a quality USA frame, there are a few points to consider. First and foremost, quality can be a major factor in a frame. Handcrafted frames are often crafted from stronger materials such as solid wood or bamboo, and they are sometimes adorned with beautiful shell and bead decorations. The frame’s complexity and level of detail will also be indicative of the quality of the frame. If the frame contains a variety of intricate designs or details, chances are it is a high-quality frame.

The second point to consider when choosing a USA frame is its construction. Quality frames will generally feature a deep, sturdy frame with a wooden or metal border or trim. Detailed frames with intricate designs and a variety of components will normally be constructed with care, so be sure to take time to inspect the frame in person if possible. Furthermore, it is important to inspect the frame back to ensure that it is securely in place and that it is not falling apart.

The source of the frame is another key point to consider. Quality usa frames are generally sourced from vintage or antique stores, and are often made by small producers or artists. Many times, these artisans will use unique and creative techniques to craft the frames and create an entirely personalized and unique images. It is also important to purchase from a reputable dealer – buyers should be sure to check out customer reviews and ratings before making a purchase.

When caring for a USA frame, it is important to practice proper cleaning and handling techniques. Specifically, frames should not be wet, and they should be kept away from heat and direct sunlight. In order to prevent fading or damage, keep the frame covered and away from any high-traffic surfaces. If necessary, frames can be lightly wiped with a damp cloth.

In order to fully appreciate the beauty that usa frames offer, one must pay attention to both the frame’s construction and its source. This comprehensive guide provides the necessary information to inform those looking to explore and discover the variety of usa frames now available. With careful consideration and research, buyers can find beautiful and unique frames that will brighten any home or collection.

All About Bike Bottle Cage

All About bike bottle cage

Bike bottle cages are essential tools for any cyclist. Whether you’re zip-lining down a mountain, or pedaling across the tarmac of a bustling urban landscape, you’ll likely need a safe and secure place to store your water – and bike bottle cages are the perfect solution. But which type of bottle cage do you need for your bike?

Let’s explore the different types of bike bottle cages, and explore the features and functions you need to consider when making your choice. Bike bottle cages come in two main categories – those designed for mountain bikes and those designed for road bikes.

mountain bike bottle cage

Mountain bike bottle cages, typically made from aluminum or composite material, are designed to be tough and reliable. This is especially important for aggressive riders, as you’ll experience a lot of vibration and bumps when you’re cycling off road. The cages should be able to resist flexing, to ensure your bottles remain secure.

In general, mountain bike bottle cages are heavier than those designed for road bikes. They should also be able to attach securely to the frame, even when you’re riding over uneven terrain. Pay attention to both the weight and strength of the cage – heavier doesn’t necessarily mean stronger.

best road bike bottle cage

Road bikes are typically designed with lightweight frames, so you don’t want to attach heavy or bulky bottles cages. Look for cages made from lightweight materials like titanium, or those made from carbon fiber.

Remember, road bikes are designed to go fast, so you want your cage to be aerodynamic. Fortunately, there are several cages designed with streamlining in mind, so you can slip through the wind with minimal resistance. Cages constructed from composite materials also offer a slight aerodynamic advantage, as the shape of the cage directs air flow to reduce drag.

Finally, look for cages designed with a secure mount, so you can be sure your bottles won’t fly off your bike while you’re racing to the finish line.

bike bottle cage

No matter what kind of bike you ride, there are several important factors to consider when selecting a bike bottle cage. Cages for mountain bikes and road bikes may have slightly different features, but all cages should be lightweight, strong, and aerodynamic.

Look for cages designed from lightweight materials like titanium, carbon fiber, or composite materials. Check to make sure the cage is securely mounted to your bike, and look for those with built-in air channels and aerodynamic designs. Doing so can help you find the perfect bike bottle cage for your bicycle adventures.

Understanding what is a wheelset

Understanding what is a wheelset

If you’re riding a bike, chances are you’ve heard of the term “wheelset”. It’s a key component of any bike and yet it’s a term that can sound intimidating and not very easy to understand. Wheelsets are the component of a bike that connects the tires to the drivetrain, enabling you to move forward or backward, as well as offer more control and grip when cornering.

In this guide, we’ll break down exactly what a wheelset is, how they’re different from other bike parts, and what you need to know when purchasing a new one.

what is a wheelset?

A wheelset is a manufactured pair or group of wheels that include the hub, spokes, and rim. Wheelsets are typically made of various lightweight metals like aluminum, magnesium, and carbon.

A wheelset is often sold as an entire assembly – with the hubs, spokes, and rim already pre-assembled and ready to install. Wheelsets are commonly composed of the front wheel and the back wheel, with each wheel having a distinct choice of size, weight, manufacturing material, and other features like width, depth, and shape.

How Are Wheelsets Different from Other Bike Parts?

Wheelsets are different from other bike parts because, unlike other parts like the frame, seat, handlebar, and brakes, the set of wheels ingrained in one’s bike is a pair of components that work together to help the bike move. They are a major part of the drivetrain and therefore, they are counted as an integral part of the complete package when it comes to bikes.

What Should I Look for in a wheelset?

When looking for a new wheelset for your bike, it’s important to consider size, weight, the hub, and the composite makeup of the rims and spokes.

The size that you’ll need for a new wheel depends on your bike frame, so if you’re not sure, you should consult a professional or measure your original wheelset.

Weight is also an important factor. Having a lightweight wheelset will allow you to go faster, as the extra weight can slow you down and be difficult to manage. However, too light of a wheel, or one with excessively thin spokes, can make it harder to control the bike, not to mention potentially dangerous if it cannot handle the rigors of the terrain you’re riding on. Consider the type of terrain you’ll be riding on, then balance your speed desires with the safety that a heavier wheelset can offer.

The hub plays a role in a wheelset’s performance, so it’s important to consider the hub’s suitability for your riding style and conditions. Mountain bike wheelsets usually feature large hubs with strong bearings and tight tolerances that can handle the punishment of off-road riding, while road bike hubs are usually lighter and feature smooth, durable bearings, lower profile axles, and smaller flanges.

The composite makeup of the rim and spokes also helps to determine how your wheelset will perform.Most riders prefer rims made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, as these are lightweight and durable, and offer good braking performance. Spokes made of stainless steel are the most common on high-end wheelsets, as they offer strength and robustness; however, titanium and carbon fiber spokes are also popular on high-end wheelsets due to their light weight and stiffer ride quality.

Finally, it’s important to note that wheelsets can come in both standard sizes and 650B, which was created to offer 27.5” wheel size options without having to resort to a 29er. 650B wheelsets are an excellent middle ground between the standard 26” wheelsets and 29” wheelsets, making them a perfect option for riders looking for a bit of extra speed and stability without sacrificing on maneuverability.

To conclude, wheelsets are an integral part of a bike and understanding what is a wheelset is key to picking the right one for your needs. Make sure to consider size, weight, the hub, and the composite makeup of the rims and spokes when looking for a new wheelset. Doing so will ensure that you get the best possible wheelset for your bike and riding style.

How to Choose the Perfect Wheels Rim for Your Bike

When you’re buying a bike, it’s important to make sure you’re getting the right wheels rim for the type of riding that you’ll be doing. Whether you’re after a racing bike, a commuter, a recreational mountain bike, or anything else, the wheel rim plays a major role in the bike’s performance.

The wheel rim is the part of the wheel that holds the tire, and they’re often made from materials such as aluminum, steel, and carbon fiber. They come in different widths, which can range from skinny to fat, and they help to determine the type of riding that the bike can handle. Thus, when selecting a wheel rim, it’s important to choose the right size and material for your particular riding style.

The first step is to consider the type of cycling that you’ll be doing and the terrain you’ll be riding on. Generally, fatter wheel rims are better for tough terrains, while skinnier wheel rims are best suited for flatter terrain. For example, if you’ll be riding mainly on dirt roads and trails, then a wider wheel rim is preferable as it offers more stability. For getting around town on city streets, a narrower wheel rim would be more suitable as it’s easier to maneuver and allows for quicker acceleration.

The second step is to consider the materials that make up the wheel rim. If you’re going to be mostly riding on paved streets, then you’ll want to buy a wheel rim made of aluminum. Aluminum is light, strong and durable, and it’s inexpensive to boot. However, if you’re going to be traversing rough and rocky terrain, then you should go for a wheel rim made of steel. Steel is heavier than aluminum, but it’s much stronger and can handle a fair amount of beating.

The third step is to determine the width of the wheel rim. As mentioned previously, the width of the wheel rim can make a big difference in the riding experience. Generally, narrower wheel rims are better for climbing hills and for riding on smooth surfaces, while wider wheel rims are better for descending and taking on tough terrains.

The fourth step is to consider the profile of the rim and the tire you’ll be using. The profile of the wheel rim impacts how the wheel will interact with the air, which in turn impacts the bike’s performance. Typically, higher rim profiles are better for increased aerodynamics, while lower rim profiles are better for maneuverability.

When it comes to the tire, the wider the rim is, the wider the tire can be, which can benefit the cyclist in terms of both comfort and traction. Therefore, it’s important to make sure that the rim and tire size fit together properly.

Finally, consider the wheel rim’s weight. Lighter wheel rims allow for quicker acceleration and easier maneuverability, while heavier wheel rims are more durable and offer more stability. However, it’s important to note that lighter rims are generally more expensive.

Choosing the right wheel rim is an important part of picking out the right bike, as it plays a major role in determining the bike’s performance. Thus, when selecting the wheels rim for your bike, make sure that you keep in mind the type of riding that you’ll be doing, the materials, the width, the profile, and the weight. By taking these factors into consideration, you should be able to easily find the perfect wheel rim for your specific riding needs.

Are Aero Bars Suitable for Mountain Biking

Are Aero bars suitable for mountain biking?

Aero bars, or clip on aerobars, are handlebars that attach to your existing handlebars and provide relatively low-profile aerodynamic benefits in cycling events. They have been popular for road cycling, triathlons, and touring for many years. However, are aero bars suitable for mountain biking?

To answer this question, it is necessary to understand the basic principles behind clip on aerobars and how they are typically used in cycling. Aero bars generally provide a more aerodynamic profile, which allows for less wind resistance, and a more ergonomic posture that often increases overall performance.

In road cycling, time trial racing, and triathlons, Aero bars are beneficial, as they promote a more aerodynamic profile which provides riders with increased speed. But mountain biking has some key differences in terrain and conditions that must be taken into account when looking at whether Aero bars are suitable.

The primary concern for mountain bike riders should be their safety. Aero bars allow riders to keep their hands on the bars while also keeping their torso low and aerodynamic. While this may provide a high-performance benefit on flat surfaces, it can be dangerous when descending on steep terrain or riding around blind corners. It is also very difficult to navigate tight trails with a lower body position. The safety risk of using Aero bars while mountain biking should not be taken lightly.

In addition to safety, the terrain of mountain biking is much more varied than the terrain typically encountered in road cycling or triathlons. Unpredictable terrain necessitates constant changes in riding position and bodyweight distribution, something that is not possible in a low, static position such as those provided by Aero bars. Therefore, Aero bars are not particularly well-suited to mountain biking.

Finally, the power output necessary on mountain biking trails is much greater than on roads or triathlons. When using Aero bars, the rider is in an aerodynamic position, but does not have access to the full range of muscle groups needed to generate significant power output. This reduces a rider’s ability to accelerate out of a corner with maximum efficiency.

Overall, Aero bars are generally not suitable for mountain biking. The low body position provided by the bars can be dangerous when navigating tight trails, and the terrain and power output requirements on mountain biking trails are very different from roads or triathlons. Thus, it is recommended to leave the Aero bars off the mountain bike and instead opt for wider, more upright handlebars that allow you to safely navigate the trails.